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Orange, white and striped winter squash and pumpkins
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When to plant winter squash and pumpkins in Burns, OR

Plant winter squash and pumpkins in the garden in Burns Jun 11 – Jul 2, either as seeds or as young plants started indoors May 14–21.

Moderate Plant seeds or young plants

Difficulty
Moderate
Sun
Full sun
Spacing
4 feet apart (vines spread)
Planting depth
1 inch deep
Frost
Killed by frost
First harvest
About 100 days after planting

Why these dates

Burns's typical last spring frost is June 11. Frost kills winter squash and pumpkins, so planting starts once frost risk drops, around June 11. Keep row cover or a frost blanket handy for the first couple of weeks, since a late frost is still possible. The season here is short for this crop: use young plants rather than seeds, choose the fastest variety you can find, and cover plants on cool nights.

High desert and mountains. Central and high eastern Oregon. Frost is possible almost any month. Use row covers, wall-o-water or cloches for warm crops, and choose short-season varieties.

How to grow winter squash and pumpkins in Burns

  1. Start seeds indoors May 14–21 in trays or small pots under a grow light or in your sunniest window. Or skip this step and buy young plants (starts) at a garden center.
  2. Harden off the young plants: about a week before planting, set them outside for a few hours a day, a little longer each day.
  3. Plant them in the garden Jun 11 – Jul 2, 4 feet apart (vines spread). If you plant seeds instead, sow them 1 inch deep.
  4. Water deeply once or twice a week rather than a little every day, and mulch once the soil is warm.
  5. Harvest: Cut when the rind resists a fingernail and the stem is dry, before a hard frost. Cure in a warm room for two weeks.

Key numbers

How it works

The plant biology behind the advice above, in plain language.

Racing the season

Winter squash needs a long, warm season, often 85 to 110 days from sowing, and the fruit has to mature fully before fall rains and frost. Seeds need soil of at least 60°F to sprout, and plants stall below about 50°F. In the Northwest, that makes the choice of variety and an early, warm start the deciding factors.

Faster varieties like Delicata and small pie pumpkins ripen far more reliably here than big storage squash or giant pumpkins. Start seeds indoors two to three weeks before planting out, and lay black plastic mulch to warm the soil several degrees.

Pollination

Like zucchini, winter squash has separate male and female flowers, and bees carry the pollen. The first flowers are usually male and drop without fruiting. In cool weather, hand-pollinating in the morning helps fruit set early enough to ripen.

Focusing the plant

Flowers that open after about mid-August rarely have time to mature into ripe squash here. Once each vine has set two or three fruits, pinching off the vine tips and new flowers sends the plant's energy into ripening the squash you already have.

Soil, water and disease

Grow winter squash in rich, well-drained soil with a pH of about 6.0 to 7.5 and plenty of compost. Water deeply, about an inch a week, at the base of the plant. Powdery mildew shows up in late summer; resistant varieties and good spacing help, and squash that's already mature is rarely affected.

Ripeness, curing and storage

A ripe winter squash has a hard rind you can't dent with a fingernail, a dry, corky stem, and a spot where it rested on the soil that has turned cream or orange. Harvest before a hard frost, leaving a few inches of stem on.

Most types, including butternut, kabocha, buttercup and pumpkins, store better after curing for about 10 days somewhere warm, around 80°F. That hardens the skin and heals small wounds. Acorn and delicata don't need curing. Store squash at 50 to 55°F in a dry spot. Butternut and kabocha get sweeter for several weeks after harvest as starches turn to sugar; delicata and acorn are best eaten within a couple of months.

Common questions

When is the last frost in Burns, OR?

Typically June 11. In 9 years out of 10, frost is over by June 28. These are 1991–2020 NOAA climate normals for Burns Municipal Airport.

Is it too late to plant winter squash and pumpkins in Burns?

The spring planting window runs through July 2. Later plantings may not have time to produce before the first fall frost, which usually arrives around September 6.

When should I start winter squash and pumpkins from seed indoors in Burns?

May 14 to May 21, which is 4 to 3 weeks before the June 11 planting date. Or buy young plants at a garden center instead.

How do I know when winter squash is ripe?

The rind is hard enough that a fingernail won't dent it, the stem is dry and corky, and the spot where it rested on the ground has turned cream or orange. Harvest before a hard frost.

Do I need to cure winter squash?

For most types, yes. Ten days somewhere warm, around 80°F, hardens the skin and helps them store for months. Acorn and delicata don't need it and are best eaten within a couple of months.

Why didn't my squash ripen before fall?

The variety was likely too slow for the season, or plants went out late. Choose fast varieties like Delicata, start seeds indoors, warm the soil with black plastic, and pinch off flowers that appear after mid-August.

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